Bone involvement is the main joint complication of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Patients with RA have a greater risk of osteoporosis and fracture than the general population. The prevalence of osteoporosis in RA is 20% to 30% in the spine and 7-26% in the hip. Clinical studies show that TBS is lower in patients with RA with a fracture compared to those without fracture, regardless of BMD outcomes and major clinical risk factors
The prevalence of lower extremity deformities is high in
some areas of the world, often associated with low
vitamin D status and low calcium intake. These bone
deformities are physiological until the age of five. There
is no published data on bone deformities in the lower
limbs of healthy children living in North Africa.