Etude comparative d’un langage enfantin au plan phonétique et lexicale : Cas des enfants d’un an à trois ans ayant fréquentés ou non la crèche
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Date
2016
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UNIVERSITE MOULOUD MAMMERI DE TIZI-OUZOU
Abstract
Tazwert tamatut:
Tutlayt d yiwen wallal n teywalt, tesɛa azal meqqer deg tmetti, imi s-yes i yettemsefham
wemdan seg mi ara yili d agrud, annecta yettemxallaf seg wegrud yetteqsaden tilakulin
timeẓyanin, d win i d-yetturebban deg wexxam, acku di tlakulin timeẓyanin selmaden-asen
tutlayin nniḍen (tafransist s umata).
Axeddim-agi nneɣ, yebḍa ɣef kraḍ yixfawen, ad d-yawi ɣef wemgired n ulmad n tutlayt n
teqbaylit ɣer wegrud yetteqsaden d win ur netteqsad ara tilakulin timeẓyanin seg useggas
amenzu ama d wis kraḍ.
Ixef 1u
, d asefhem n wawalen icudden ɣer usentel-agi.
Ixef wis sin, deg-s ad d-nessebgen amgired n tutlayt ɣer wegrud aqbayli deg wayen yaɛnan
tasnilsit.
Ixef wis kraḍ, deg-s ad d-yil iusebgen n umgired n tutlayt taqbaylit deg wayen yaɛnan amawal
ɣer yigerdan-a.
Iswi n leqdic nneɣ, d asebgen n wemgired yellan gar sin-agi n leṣnaf n tezrawt, ɣef aya tuttra
Ad tili s wudem-a :
Amek i d-yettili wemgired n umessuɣ n tutlayt ɣer yigerdan-a s wudem n tesnilsit d umawal?
Tasnarayt
I wakken ad d-nheggi axeddim-agi nneɣ, nessexdem (dictaphone) s wayes i d-nejmeɛ asagem
i ɣef nexdem tazrawt-agi, rnu ɣer-s asekles n kra n yidlisen, d yimawalen, d yikatayen swayes
ara s-nefk udem unṣif. Ilmend n tezrawt-agi nessekles ṭam(08) n yigardan deg yiḥricen
yemxallafen( axxam, tilakulin timeẓyanin ) deg useggas ama d wis kraḍ.
Tudriwin:
Igardan n tlakult tameẓyant seqdacen tafrensist s waṭas ɣef wid n ur tent-neqsid ara.
Aswir n leqraya akked tmetti anida ttidiren igardan-agi, yettaǧa-ten ad sxedmen tutlayt-a
mačči d tayeḍ
Tamukrist:
Piaget. J yefreq almad n tutlayt n yigerdan ɣef ukuẓ n tegnatin. S wakka naɛreḍ ad dnessebgen tulmisin n tmeslayt n yigerdan yetteqsaden d wid ur netteqsad tilakulin timeẓyanin
seg useggas alamma d krad n yiseggasen deg wudem n tesnilsit d umawal.
Ɣef waya tuttra nneɣ ad tili s wudem-a:
Wiss dɣa ma yella wemgired gar unerfud n tutlayt deg wudem n tesnilsit d umawal ɣer
yigerdan n tlakulin timeẓyanin d yigerdan yetturebban deg wexxam?
Aḥric amezwaru:
Nefka-d deg-s tabadut n wawalen igejdanen yesɛan assaɣ akked usentel n unadi-agi nneɣ, ama
d awalen icudden ɣer temsislit(tiɣra, tirgalin, asusru) ama d wid icudden ɣer umawal(iṛeṭṭalen,
tarwest).
Am wakken i d-newwi awal daɣen ɣef tezrawin yemxallafen, igqedcen ɣef usentel-agi n
tutlayt n yigardan, ger-asent tazrawt n “Behavioreste” i yexdem “ Skinner” akked “Pavloy”;
iyxedmen timusniwin nsen ɣef yiɣarsiwen, iḍan d yiɣardayen, anda ṣṣawḍen ɣer tamawt i dyeqqaren d akken almad n tutlayt ɣer wegrud yettas-d s leḥris. Tella daɣen tezrawt
“Cognitiviste” yexdem “Chomsky” akked “Piaget” id-yusan s yigemmaḍ ixulfen tazrawt
yezrin, nna-d dakken anefali n tutlayt ɣer wegrud yettas-d mebla lḥeris fell-as ɣer welmad.
Ma d azerawt yexdem “Jakokson” i d-yuran ɣef uqɛad n ulmad n temeslayt yenna-d dakken
ulac tameslayt anda ur llin-t ara targalin tixarajiyin, ma ur llin-t ara targalin tiddaxliyin.
Ad naf daɣen deg yixef-agi timaliyin yetteḥwiǧǧi ugrud deg ulmad n tutlayt ɣef waya ad d-naf
agrud yessexdam tamalit n tmesliwt iwakken ad t-yaweḍ wawal ɣer lmux-is, tamalit n ufham
d wamek ara yefhem lheḍur, tamalit n uɛaned d aɛrad n wegrud ad d-iɛiwed ayen yesla,
tamalit n urwas d wawalen i d-yesnulfay wegrud i wakken ad as-yifsus lmenṭeq.
Deg uḥric wis sin:
Deg ixef-agi nexdem tasleḍt tasnilsit i wammud-agi i d-nejmeɛ ɣer yigardan, iɣ-id-yesbegnen
dakken tameslayt-nsen tebna ɣef tlata n yiferdisen; abeddel n talɣa n wawalen( changement
total) imi ẓẓay-it fell-as di lmenṭeq, s wakka yettɛawad lehdur yesla ɣer yimeqranen. Nufa-d
daɣen deg wamud-agi nneɣ anda yettbeddil targelt tamelɣiɣt s targelt tuɣecfirt, acku kra n
deg-sen weɛren fell-as i wakken ad ten-id-yenṭeq. Akken id-nufa daɣen anda yessenqes maḍi
imesli i wakken ad yessifsus lmenṭeq.
Deg uḥric wis krad:
Deg uḥeric-agi nxdem tasleḍt n umawal i wamud-agi nneɣ, nufa-d dakken aamawal-is yebna
ɣef kra tarrayin. Yessexdam ayen umu neqqar (l’analogie) anda yettaɛraḍ wegrud ad dyessileɣ
Akken yessexdam ayen umu neqqar (la paraphrase) d asefhem n tikti s wawal yellan d
aɣezfan wa ad yeǧǧa ayen yellan d awezlan. Nufa daɣen asexdem n wayen umu neqqar (la
surextantion) anda yessexdam wegrud kra na wawlen yfɣen ɣef unamek n wayen yebɣa ad dyin im sɛan amecabeh akk d wiyiḍ. Yettili-d daɣen deg umawal n yigerdan (l’emprunt) d
asemres n tutlayt deg tayeḍ, asemres n tarayt agi yettili-d kan deg tmeslayt n yigerdan
yetteqsaden tilakulin timeẓyanin.
Taggrayt tamatut
Ar taggarra n tezrawt-agi nneɣ, nufa-d d akken yella wemgired gar tmeslayt n yigerdan
yetteqsaden d wid ur netteqsad tilakulin timeẓyanin, ay-agi iban-d deg wudem n umawal acku
igerdan yetteqsaden talakult tameẓyant semrasen deg umawal-nsen tutlayin tijenṭaḍin
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Linguistique Appliquée Enseignement et Communication