Département d'Anglais

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Investigating EFL Learners’ and Teachers’ Perceptions of ChatGPT as a Tool for Developing the Writing Skill at the Department of English at MMUTO
(Mouloud Mammeri University, 2023) Ben Chikh Lydia; HOSNI Thinhinane
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed various fields, including education, by providing new methods to improve learning and enhance educational tasks. Hence, this dissertation investigates EFL learners’ and teachers’ perceptions of ChatGPT as a tool for enhancing writing skills at Mouloud Mammeri University. Relying on Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovations Theory (1962) as a theoretical framework, this study aims to achieve three objectives: first, to explore EFL students’ attitudes towards ChatGPT; second, to identify the benefits and challenges associated with its use for writing improvement; and third, to examine EFL teachers’ views on its integration into students’ writing processes. This exploratory research adopts a Mixed-Methods approach for data collection. Quantitative data were collected through a questionnaire distributed to thirty (30) randomly selected students, while qualitative insights were gathered via structured interviews with six (6) randomly selected teachers. The analysis of data included Descriptive Statistical Analysis for quantitative data, and Qualitative Content Analysis for qualitative data. Findings from the questionnaire indicate that the majority of students hold positive perceptions towards ChatGPT, finding it effective for improving their writing skills. From the results of the interviews, teachers expressed mixed views, with some acknowledging its benefits while others raised concerns about authenticity and productivity. In conclusion, while EFL students perceive ChatGPT as beneficial for improving writing skills, the differing teacher views illustrate the challenges of integrating AI in education. Future research should consider comparative and longterm studies to examine ChatGPT’s effectiveness across various levels of language proficiency and educational contexts.
Traumatic Loss, Grief Theory, and the Use of Scriptotherapy as a Medium for Emotional Healing in Colleen Hoover’s Reminders of Him (2022)
(Universidad de Huelva, 2024-09) Allata Tania
This dissertation has meticulously explored the extent to which loss, mourning, and the therapeutic potential of writing in processing trauma and grief are present in Colleen Hoover’s Reminders of him (2022). More specifically, the study has examined how the female protagonist in the narrative, Kenna Rowan, uses letter-writing as a coping mechanism to confront her pain and guilt following her beloved partner’s tragic death. It draws upon two major theoretical frameworks, of which are Kübler-Ross and Kessler’s five stages of grief theory, as put forward in their book, On grief and grieving: Finding the meaning of grief through the five stages of loss (2005), as well as Henke’s concept of scriptotherapy, as defined and presented in her work, Shattered subjects: Trauma and testimony in women’s life-writing (1998). By employing a multidisciplinary approach that combines literary analysis with psychological theories of trauma and grief, the research has shed light on two significant findings. First, it has demonstrated how Kenna’s retrospective letters to her deceased partner essentially reflect her progression through the five stages of grief—from initial denial and anger through bargaining and depression to eventual acceptance—ultimately reaching mental healing and psychological recovery. Second, it has highlighted the virtuous power of scriptotherapy, revealing how the main character’s letter-writing forged her path toward emotional processing and psychological rehabilitation. It has also denoted that such a practice proved highly effective for emotional catharsis, allowing for the resolution of the plot’s central conflicts, and enabling the protagonist to openly confront her past, reconstruct her fractured identity, and eventually achieve self-forgiveness and communal reconciliation. This study hence contributes to the growing body of research on scriptotherapy in contemporary American literature in general, primarily emphasizing the significant power of writing as a therapeutic medium for overcoming traumatic experiences, achieving emotional healing, and restoring personal wholeness.
Commitment and Exile in some Algerian and Irish Selected Poems
(Mouloud Mammeri University, 2019) Mohamed Mariche Zohra; Fentazi Hakima
Our comparative study focuses o examining Irish and Algerian poetry, both emerging from histories of colonialism, political conflict and lost homelands under the respective works of William BulerYeat's "Easter 1916" and Muhand U Yehya's "Nunember" in terms of political commitment, then moving to AssiaDjebar's "L'exilé" and Eavan Boland's "The Lost Land"in terms of exile. The main issue centers on the way poets from these diffrent nations channel their political struggles and yearning for homelands into their work. To achieve this goal we applied Julia Krestiva's theory Intertextuality, and Jean Paul Sartre' concept Politics and the engaged Intellectuals. Our study is divided into two chapters. In the first chapter we have discussed commitment in both works of William Butler Yeat's and Muhand U Yehya, in the second chapter we have dealt with exile and the effects it left on people who have experienced it through the works of AssiaDjebar and Eavan Boland. The present comparative study depict the universal struggle of the oppressed people demonstrating how political commitment and exile are present in the works of Irish and Algerianpoets.
Investigating Teachers’ Perceptions and Students’ Attitudes towards the Use of YouTube for Pedagogical EFL Content Learning: The case of first year MA Students of the Department of English at MMUTO
(Mouloud Mammeri University, 2023) Lourdani Imene; Mouaici Kamelia
This study investigated EFL teachers' perceptions and students' attitudes towards the use of YouTube for pedagogical EFL content learning: The case of Master One students in the Department of English at MMUTO. It aimed to investigate teachers’ perceptions on learners’ use of YouTube as an EFL learning tool. Examine Master One students’ attitudes towards the use of YouTube for pedagogical EFL content learning. Determine whether YouTube is an effective tool that fulfils Master One students’ learning needs. In order to achieve the aims of this research; Blumler and Katz’s (1974) Uses and Gratification Theory was relied on as a theoretical foundation. To collect and analyse the relevant data on this topic, a Mixed-Methods research was employed. Regarding the data collection tools; an online questionnaire was randomly sent to a total of seventy 70 Master One students from the English Department at MMUTO, along with a structured interview with 11 randomly selected teachers of the same department. The data gathered was analysed using the Descriptive Statistical Method for quantitative data and Qualitative Content Analysis for qualitative ones. On the basis of the outcomes of the study, the findings of the interview revealed that most EFL teachers perceive YouTube as a beneficial supplementary tool for pedagogical EFL content learning, Similarly, the students' questionnaire responses demonstrated a positive attitude towards YouTube, considering it effective in supplementing classroom learning, meeting their learning needs, and enhancing their overall learning experience. Overall, both teachers and students perceive YouTube as an effective tool for pedagogical EFL content learning.
Identity in Amy Waldman’s The Submission (2011) and Kamel Daoud’s The Meursault Investigation (2013)
(Mouloud Mammeri University, 2023) Mezouani Sarah; Medini Yasmine
The present study investigated the issue of identity within two selected literary works: Amy Waldman’s The Submission (2011) and Kamel Daoud’s The Meursault Investigation (2013). The aim of this research paper has been to explore the complexities of an individual’s personal identity formation in the middle of societal expectations and impositions. Relying on Stuart Hall’s theory of Identity, this dissertation analyzed how the novels portray their protagonists’ identity development in two different contexts: post-9/11 America and postcolonial Algeria. The research, structured in two main chapters, The Self and the Other in Amy Waldman’s The Submission (2011) and Kamel Daoud’s The Meursault Investigation (2013),and Resurgence of Religion in the same novels. The Analysis of these two literary works together yielded three key findings. First, it confirmed the flexible and ever-shifting nature of identity, revealing that an individual’s identity formation is a transformative process influenced by historical backgrounds and societal perceptions. Second, the study revealed contrasting approaches to dealing with societal “Otherness”, demonstrating various ways characters navigate their sense of self in relation to external representations. Third, the research highlighted the significant impact of religious identity on self-understanding, showing how the resurgence of religion plays a crucial role in reshaping individual identities. These findings collectively proved that identity formation is a complex interplay between an individual’s personal choices and societal influences, as demonstrated across both literary works.
A Semiotic Analysis of YouTubeFashion Films: Dior and Chanel as a Case Study
(Mouloud Mammeri University, 2022) Aite Amel; Belkacemi Maissa
The current dissertation investigates the semiotic analysis of Dior and Chanel fashion films concerned with women. A corpus-based study includes 10 short videos from YouTube five from Dior and five from Chanel.It analyzes the process of fashion production by using Ronald Barthes’s theory Levels of Signification mentioned in his essay Rhetoric of the Image as a tool for interpreting the proper message behind short fashion films. A qualitative approach is a research method that helps to explore and deeply understand complex phenomena through non-numerical data.The findings show that Dior and Chanel are two iconic French fashion houses that specialize in women’s fashion and our analysis shows how the two brands use the concepts of Barthes: Denotation, Connotation, and Modern myth, adding two concepts used by fashion makers Storytelling and Signs and codes. Moreover, the comparison revealed that both brands had certain aesthetic similarities and slight differences. The findings indicate that women are portrayed as active, strong and independent. At the same time, they are elegant and feminine.
Shakespeare’s Macbeth rewritten through James Hartley’s The invisible hand: A tragedy then and now
(Mouloud Mammeri University, 2024-09) Messaid Ghiles; Chachoua Ibrahim
In this study, entitled Shakespeare’s Macbeth Rewritten through James Hartley’s The Invisible Hand: A tragedy then and now, the analysis engaged with the similarities between various works to clarify the nature of their literary connection. For this purpose, Bakhtin's intertextual dialogic theory is applied. At the heart of our discussion was the exploration of how Hartley's modern story connected with Shakespeare's Macbeth. Our objective was to untangle the intricate connections between the two works by carefully examining the dialogue between them. Through punctilious examination and nuanced interpretation, we sought to shed light on how the texts interacted with each other, thus illuminating the mutual influence between the past and present, tradition and innovation. This work is divided into two chapters. The first chapter explores how Hartley’s work serves as an overt polemic against Shakespeare’s characters and the theme of ambition, presenting a stylized reinterpretation of the original play’s characters and themes, such as fate and free will, identity, and the supernatural. The second chapter examines female agency within a modern narrative, reimagining female power through Leana’s character as a hidden polemic element that resonates with contemporary readers. This research contributes to a broader understanding of how classic texts can be dynamically re-envisioned to reflect modern societal values and concerns.
Implementation of Pronunciation Activities in “My Book of English 4”: Pros and Cons
(Mouloud Mammeri University, 2023) Yacoub Amel; Zoulim Lydia
This investigation delves into the implementation of pronunciation activities in “My Book of English 4”. The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the pronunciation activities incorporated in the textbook of young learners in the primary school of Ain El Hammam (Akkar) to determine its advantages and disadvantages, their nature, and how the teacher conducts the activities in her classroom setting. We conducted this study using three methodological tools: textbook analysis, a comprehensive checklist to evaluate the implementation of these activities. Last but not least, a questionnaire section offers helpful feedback from the teacher, providing practical opinions on the success of pronunciation exercises and possible directions for improvement. This study aims to obtain an understanding of the ways in which pronunciation exercises facilitate language learning achievements by integrating these methods. The findings of the checklist and the questionnaire has shown that the textbook lacks of sounds speech not all of them are included, moreover, insufficient authentic materials were included to support the textbook activities. This leads to a variety of recommendations for future investigations in the study's conclusion by adding interesting features to textbooks, providing recording tasks with native speaker audio recordings, and focusing on exercises that simulate real-world situations to enhance students' comprehension and confidence in spoken communication.
Exploring the Impact of Culture Shock on Kabyle Students in EFL Listening and Speaking classes: A Case Study of Video Usage at Mouloud Mammeri University
(Mouloud Mammeri University, 2023) Seffal Amal; Azem Souad
This study is an exploratory study that aims to identify the way the students perceive the English foreign culture and to find out the major difficulties that students at MMUTO face while watching videos during listening and speaking classes. In order to reach the research aims, this study relies on Oberg’s Culture Shock theory, and on a mixed method associating both the qualitative and quantitative methods for data collection and analysis. For the collection of data, two research instruments are used: a questionnaire administered to fifty-three first year Kabyle students, and four classroom observations are accomplished with the same students. Concerning the analysis of the gathered data, a quantitative analysis is employed using descriptive statistical method to analyze the numerical data, and a qualitative content analysis (QCA) is used to analyze and interpret the results of the qualitative data resulting from the open-ended questions. The findings reveal that students at the English department at MMUTO perceive the English foreign culture differently and encounter multiple difficulties ranging from language barriers to cultural ones when learning English as a foreign language in listening and speaking classes.
The Role of Visual Metaphors in Enhancing Cultural Learning: A Multimodal Analysis of BBC Learning English
(Mouloud Mammeri University, 2023) Belkalem Massicilia; Messaoudi Sabrina
The present study examines the role of visual metaphors in enhancing cultural learning using the BBC Learning English platform. The objectives of this research are to examine Algerian EFL students’ perceptions of visual metaphors on the BBC Learning English platform. It aims to explore how these visual elements contribute to a more immersive and culturally contextualized learning experience. Furthermore, the study investigates how different types of visual metaphors enhance understanding of cultural concepts. This dissertation uses the Mixed Methods Research that combines quantitative and qualitative methods. For data collection, we used two tools: a questionnaire and a corpus analysis method known as Kress and Van Leeuwen’s Grammar of Visual Design (1996-2006). The questionnaire data is analyzed following Descriptive Statistical Method and Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA). For the corpus analysis, Lakoff and Johnson’s Conceptual Metaphor Theory (1980) functions as the theoretical framework for examining metaphor use, while Kress and Van Leeuwen’s GVD theory provides the analytical framework. The results of the study indicate that visual metaphors in BBC Learning English are effective in enhancing students’ understanding of cultural concepts. EFL students find these tools helpful in simplifying abstract ideas, engaging with cultural content, and improving idiomatic expressions retention, varying based on individual cultural background and language proficiency.
Exploring Identity and Political Exile in Ngugi Wa Thiong’o’s Wizard of the Crow (2006) and Mohsin Hamid’s Exit West (2017)
(Mouloud Mammeri University, 2023) Nadji Melissa; Nedjar Yasmine
This comparative research explores possible affinities between Kenyan novelist Ngugi Wa Thiong’O's Wizard of the Crow (2006), and Pakistani novelist Mohsin Hamid's Exit West (2017). The objective of this work is to illustrate the impact of British rule on individuals' lives post-independence, highlighting the ensuing instability that leads to forced exile and the evolving nature of identity among Black African and Muslim Pakistani societies in both literary works. To achieve this, we rely on Homi K. Bhabha's concepts of ‘Hybridity’ and ‘Mimicry’. In the first chapter, we examine the political oppression in Wizard of the Crow, analysing the portrayal of The Ruler and his ministers as neocolonial figures. We also explore the characters’ interior exile as a form of resistance. Then, we discuss Exit West, investigating physical exile and the struggles of the characters as they explore cultural origins and cross-cultural adaptation. While in the second chapter, we investigate the convergencies and the divergencies of the representations of identity and political exile in Wizard of the Crow and Exit West. The chapter explores themes of oppression, resistance through displacement and exile, and the reshaping of identity in both novels. It also investigates the concept of the "Other" in both works and how postcolonial identities are constructed and deconstructed. After analysing the two chosen works, we conclude that, despite the similarities in themes such as exile and the transformations of identity, Ngugi Wa Thiong’O and Mohsin Hamid differ in their perspectives and the distinct contexts of their work.
Investigating EFL Students’ Attitudes Toward Using Instagram Reels for Developing Listening and Speaking Skills: The Case of L1 Students of the Department of English at UMMTO of Tizi Ouzou
(Mouloud Mammeri University, 2023) Skendraoui Anais; Drioueche Melissa
This study is an attempt to investigate the EFL students’ attitudes toward using Instagram Reels for developing listening and speaking skills in the Department of English at the Universty of Mouloud Mammeri of Tizi Ouzou . To achieve this, Cary Jewitt’s (2013) Theory of Multimodality has been adoptedas theoretical framework. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining both qualitative and quantitative methods. Data collection involved distributing a questionnaire to 50 randomly selected L1-level students and analyzing a corpus of five selected Instagram Reels using a checklist evaluation adapted from Yazdanmehr and Shoghi (2014) visual criteria and Orwig’s (2013)self-assessment checklist for listening and speaking; incorporating additional multimodal elements from Jewitt’s (2013) framework. The data were then analyzed using descriptive statistical method and qualitative content analysis, along with multimodal analysis for the Reels. According to the obtained results, students have a positive attitude toward using Instagram Reels to develop their listening and speaking skills. They find it beneficial and believe it facilitates their language-learning journey. In particular, the Reels expose learners to different accents and pronunciations, enhancing their language comprehension, and thereby improving their listening and speaking skills. Additionally, the combination of visuals, audio, and text in the Reels significantly contributes to their language-learning process. Finally, the findings also show that multimodality positively impacts students’ language-learning, particularly their listening and speaking proficiency.
An Eco- critical Study of the Selected Novels: E.Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea (1952), R. Carson’s Silent Spring (1962) and C. McCarthy’s The Road (2006).
(Mouloud MammeriI University, 2023) Boubakour Ania; Hamitouche Kamelia
The present dissertation deals with three works, the non fiction book Silent Spring by Rachel Carson , The Road by Cormac Mccarthy and Ernest Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea according to ecocritical theory. Further, the first chapter deals with Carson’s Silent Spring book which tackels the human abuse on nature by using chemical pesticides and providing some scientific solutions to avoid these chemicals. Hence, we find that through these literary works the reader can understand the ipmortance of interdependence of all living creatures on earth. The second chapter is about McCarthy’s The Road which deals with the revenge of nature in a post-apocalyptic world, in this chapter we find that by using literature particularly novels, the reader will know that nature has its proper laws that people can not violate. The last chapter concerns Hemingway’s The Old Man and the sea, tackels the human struggle with the marine creatures, however this struggle became as a respect and preservation of nature. Therefore we find that this novel contains energy that flow to the reader and creates on him a sense of ecological values. To complete our work, we have used William Rueckert theory of ecocriticism, in which he advocates to relate literary works to ecological concepts, therefore he challenges the anthropocentric vision and sheds light on the interconnection of all living beings. Also he believes that literature has a stored energy which helps to raise human awarness about environmental issues.
Teachers’ Perception of Private Tutoring as a Means to Improve Primary Third-Year Pupils’ Vocabulary Acquisition in Selected Private Tutoring Centers in The Town of Tizi Ouzou
(Mouloud Mammeri University, 2023) Halata Aldjia
The overall aim of this research is to investigate EFL teachers’ perception of private tutoring sessions they provide for EFL primary third-year pupils. The current study also seeks to determine the techniques that the teachers concerned employ to enhance their learners’ vocabulary acquisition. Moreover, it aims to observe learners’ attitudes towards vocabulary learning through private tutoring sessions. The theoretical framework of this research is based on Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development. To achieve this work, four (4) classroom observations have been conducted in three private tutoring centers situated in the town of Tizi Ouzou; and three (3) teachers have been interviewed. This study adopts the mixed methods approach which combines both qualitative and quantitative methods for data collection and analysis. Descriptive Statistical Analysis was used to analyse the data obtained from the classroom observations while Qualitative Content Analysis (CQA) was relied on to interpret the data gathered from the teachers’ interview. The conclusion drawn from the results of this study is that teachers believe that private tutoring allows learners with language learning difficulties to improve their vocabulary acquisition in a personalized instruction that can meet their individual needs. It also confirms that teachers in selected private tutoring centers use different vocabulary techniques that enhance language learning. Moreover, the results reveal that learners show positive attitudes as they are engaged and motivated to learn new words.
Representation of Ideology and Violence in Chinua Achebe’s There was a country and Ibrahim Bangura’s the 24th son
(Mouloud Mammeri University, 2023) Boudjnah Aziz; Abbane Tarek
This research investigates the ideological stances and means of violence in the Nigerian and Sierra Leonean civil wars as depicted in Chinua Achebe's there was a country: a personal history of Biafra and Ibrahim Bangura's the 24th son (2023). On the basis of the three concepts issued by Karl Mannheim on ideology in his book Ideology and utopia (1936) and the theory of violence used by Danny Hoffman in his book The war machine young man and violence in Sierra Leone and Benin alongside Stathis N. Kalyvas’s The logic of violence in civil war (2000), this research seeks to shed light on the implications of ideology and violence in the Nigerian and Sierra Leonean civil wars. We shall deploy a case study approach: the analysis of the ideological differences between the ruling parties, the role of ethnic tensions in the conflict, the use of violence, and their impacts on the populations. By applying this approach, we reached these findings: first, we identified the ideological stances and purposes of all the parties involved in the conflicts; moreover, we extracted the means of violence used during the conflict; and finally we explored the relation between ideology and violence as depicted in the two memoirs.
A semiotic Analysis of the Representation of Women in Kabyle and Western Song Lyrics
(Mouloud Mammeri University, 2024-06) Ammour Melissa; Ait Abdesselam Fazia
The present dissertation adopts a multidisciplinary approach incorporating, Media Studies, Music Studies, and Gender Studies. It offers an in-depth comparative analysis of the ways women are represented in Kabyle and English song lyrics. The objectives of this study are twofold. First, it aims to inspect and explore the presence of women’s empowerment in western and Kabyle music. Second, it intends to investigate the extent to which these representations reflect or challenge societal views in both musical contexts. To answer these research questions, a qualitative approach is adopted. Twenty songs, equally divided between English and Kabyle music, were selected within this context. The research draws upon Charles Sanders Peirce’s triadic theory of signs to lay the foundation for uncovering the underlying meanings within the lyrics involving the interplay between the sign, the object, and the interpretant, in addition to the adoption of a second theory, Max Weber’s Verstehen theory, as a means to interpret the songs. The findings reveal that female empowerment is manifested in both western and Kabyle musical contexts through communicating empowered messages to embolden girls and women to break the traditional gender roles. The study reveals that women’s representation indeed deconstructs societal expectations to an extent while perpetuating them in certain ways within the western perspective. However, the Kabyle context, for its part, concerns itself with challenging these social norms to a greater extent.
A Comparative Psychoanalytical Reading of the Main Characters in Eugene O’Neill’s Long Day’s Journey into Night and William Faulkner’s Go Down Moses
(Mouloud Mammeri University, 2023) Ait Mokhtar Nacera
This dissertation examines the intricate relationship between literature and the human psyche, focusing on themes of trauma, the past, and the archetypal manifestations of the collective unconscious as explored by two prominent American authors, Eugene O'Neill and William Faulkner. Through a detailed analysis of O'Neill's play "Long Day's Journey into Night" and Faulkner's short stories "Go Down, Moses" and "The Fire and the Hearth," this study delves into the psychological underpinnings of these seminal works. Utilizing the psychoanalytic theories of Sigmund Freud and Carl Gustav Jung, the research investigates the characters' psychological disturbances rooted in their pasts and the broader implications of the collective unconscious. O'Neill's personal struggles, including his tumultuous family dynamics and battles with alcoholism and depression, profoundly inform his writing, particularly in "Long Day's Journey into Night," which is often regarded as his most autobiographical work. By comparing the psychological landscapes of O'Neill and Faulkner, this dissertation aims to illuminate the complexities of familial relationships and the enduring impact of trauma in American literature.
A Comparative Study of Mother-Daughter Relationships: Challenges and Resolution through a Care Ethics Perspective in Elizabeth Strout‘s Amy and Isabelle (1998) and Sue Monk Kidd’s The Secret Life of Bees (2001)
(Mouloud Mammeri University, 2023) Hassani Fatima; Seddiki Djedjiga
This research is a comparative study of Elizabeth Strout’s Amy and Isabelle (1998) and Sue Monk Kidd’s The Secret Life of Bees (2001). The aim of this work is to explore mother-daughter relationships in both narratives, focusing on the challenges and resolutions within these dynamics. The theoretical framework is grounded in Carol Gilligan’s and Nel Noddings’ Care Ethics Perspective. The findings reveal that maternal figures and their daughters face significant challenges, such as past traumas, communication breakdowns due to generational differences, and the influence of social judgments and community expectations. Additionally, the research highlights the processes of healing and transformation that occur through open communication, mutual understanding, and social solidarity. Overall, the study suggests that care ethics provides a critical framework for understanding the complexities of these relationships, illustrating how emotional labour fosters resilience and strengthens connections in mother-daughter dynamics.
Kristin Hannah’s The nightingale (2015) and Zohra Drif’s Inside the battle of Algiers (2017): A Comparative Study
(Mouloud Mammeri University, 2023) Boubchir Amel; Megherfi Adidi
This dissertation is a comparative study of The Nightingale (2015) by Kristin Hannah and Inside the Battle of Algiers (2017) by Zohra Drif. It examines the theme of women's resistance, resilience, as well as the traumas of World War II and the Algerian War of Independence. In order to carry out this research, we relied on Frantz Fanon’s A dying colonialism (1965), the theory of resilience (1992) by Norman Garmezy, and Judith Herman’s Trauma and Recovery (1997). In our analysis, we put a considerable emphasis on the thematic similarities of the two works, like women’s roles and their resistance and the way they recovered from trauma. This research is divided into five major sections, which include a general introduction, methods and materials, results, discussion, and a conclusion. After analyzing the characters’ experiences and the socio-political contexts in which the two authors lived, we come to the findings that women in different historical and cultural contexts have faced the same experiences as they asserted agency and contributed largely in the resistance movements. The key findings demonstrate the importance of acknowledging women's contributions to historical narratives, and their role in shifting gender roles especially in wartime. The Algerian or the French women during war act similarly at the level of resistance and present the same insights of resilience towards traumas and violent situations.
A Comparative Study of the Representation of Princess Diana After her Death in the British ‘SkyNews’, the Australian ‘The Nine Network’ and the American ‘NBC News’ Television Channels Discourses
(Mouloud Mammeri University, 2023-10) Bentchakal Nassima; Zekri Yasmine
The present dissertation aims to conduct a comparative study of the representation of Princess Diana in the British ‘Sky News’, the Australian ‘The Nine Network’ and the American ‘NBC News’ television channels discourses. With two primary objectives, the study seeks to first, analyze and evaluate how Princess Diana's image was constructed and how her legacy was maintained in the discourses of these three selected television channels. Second, the study aims to identify the convergences and divergences between the three aforementioned TV discourses. To achieve these objectives, one television channel discourse is selected from each of the chosen television channels via their respective YouTube channels, serving as the corpus for this study. Following Fairclough Critical Discourse Analysis Approach, the analysis of the selected television channels' discourses is categorized into two main areas: vocabulary and grammar. This research takes a qualitative approach, and the results are interpreted through Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA). The analysis of the three television channels discourses on Princess Diana reveals a convergence in their portrayal of her as a beloved and influential figure with a profound and enduring legacy. Despite variations in linguistic emphasis and language usage, there is a consensus on key aspects of her life and contributions, including her humanitarian work, emotional connection with the public , and transformative impact on the monarchy and society. Finally, the study offers suggestions for further research for future researchers interested in exploring the field of media.

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